PasswordlessWebLogin/CredentialManager.cs

using System.Security.Cryptography;
using System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates;
using System.Text;
using System.Text.Json;
using System.Text.Json.Nodes;
using Fido2NetLib;
using Fido2NetLib.Objects;
using JWT.Algorithms;
using JWT.Builder;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Options;
using Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens;

namespace Passwordless;

public class CredentialManager
{
    private readonly IFido2 _fido2;
    private readonly OptionsCache _optionsCache;
    private readonly JsonSerializerOptions _jsonOptions;
    private readonly JwtConfig _jwtConfig;
    private readonly RSA _rsa;

    public CredentialManager(IFido2 fido2, OptionsCache optionsCache, IOptions<JwtConfig> jwtOptions)
    {
        _fido2 = fido2;
        _optionsCache = optionsCache;
        _jwtConfig = jwtOptions.Value;
        _rsa = ToRsa(_jwtConfig.Key!);

        _jsonOptions = new JsonSerializerOptions()
        {
            WriteIndented = true,
        };
    }
    
    public CredentialCreateOptions BuildCredentialOptions(string login)
    {
        var loginDisplay = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(Base64UrlConverter.Decode(login));
        var loginName = NameTransform.ToFileName(loginDisplay);

        var user = new Fido2User
        {
            DisplayName = loginDisplay,
            Id = Base64UrlConverter.Decode(login),
            Name = loginName,
        };

        var authenticatorSelection = new AuthenticatorSelection
        {
            UserVerification = UserVerificationRequirement.Discouraged,
            RequireResidentKey = false,
        };

        var extensions = new AuthenticationExtensionsClientInputs
        {
            Extensions = true,
            UserVerificationMethod = false,
        };
        
        var options = _fido2.RequestNewCredential(user, new List<PublicKeyCredentialDescriptor>(), authenticatorSelection, AttestationConveyancePreference.None, extensions);
        _optionsCache.Set(options.User.Name, options);
        
        return options;
    }

    public async Task<Fido2.CredentialMakeResult> RegisterCredential(string login, AuthenticatorAttestationRawResponse attestationResponse)
    {
        // 2. Create callback so that lib can verify credential id is unique to this user
        static Task<bool> Callback(IsCredentialIdUniqueToUserParams args, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
        {
            return Task.FromResult(!File.Exists($"./data/{args.User.Name}.json"));
        }

        var loginDisplay = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(Base64UrlConverter.Decode(login));
        var loginName = NameTransform.ToFileName(loginDisplay);
        var options = _optionsCache.Get<CredentialCreateOptions>(loginName);

        var success = await _fido2.MakeNewCredentialAsync(attestationResponse, options, Callback);

        if (success.Status == "ok")
        {
            await using var fileStream = File.OpenWrite($"./data/{success.Result!.User.Name}.json");
            await JsonSerializer.SerializeAsync(fileStream, success.Result, _jsonOptions);
        }
        
        return success;
    }

    public async Task<AssertionOptions> BuildAssertionOptions(string login)
    {
        var loginDisplay = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(Base64UrlConverter.Decode(login));
        var loginName = NameTransform.ToFileName(loginDisplay);
        byte[] credentialId;

        if (File.Exists($"./data/{loginName}.json"))
        {
            await using var fileStream = File.OpenRead($"./data/{loginName}.json");
            var accountInfo =
                (JsonObject)(await JsonSerializer.DeserializeAsync(fileStream, typeof(JsonObject), _jsonOptions))!;
            credentialId = Convert.FromBase64String(accountInfo["CredentialId"]?.GetValue<string>());
        }
        else
        {
            throw new ArgumentException("Username was not registered");
        }

        var extensions = new AuthenticationExtensionsClientInputs()
        {
            Extensions = true,
            UserVerificationMethod = false,
        };

        var descriptor = new PublicKeyCredentialDescriptor()
        {
            Id = credentialId,
            Type = PublicKeyCredentialType.PublicKey,
        };

        var options = _fido2.GetAssertionOptions(
            new[] { descriptor },
            UserVerificationRequirement.Discouraged,
            extensions
        );

        _optionsCache.Set(Convert.ToBase64String(credentialId), new OptionsWithName<AssertionOptions>(loginName, options));
        return options;
    }

    public async Task<string> VerifyCredential(AuthenticatorAssertionRawResponse assertionResponse)
    {
        // 1. Get the assertion options we sent the client
        var optionsWithName = _optionsCache.Get<OptionsWithName<AssertionOptions>>(Convert.ToBase64String(assertionResponse.Id));
        AttestationVerificationSuccess assertionVerification;

        if (File.Exists($"./data/{optionsWithName.Name}.json"))
        {
            await using var fileStream1 = File.OpenRead($"./data/{optionsWithName.Name}.json");
            assertionVerification =
                (AttestationVerificationSuccess)(await JsonSerializer.DeserializeAsync(fileStream1,
                    typeof(AttestationVerificationSuccess), _jsonOptions))!;
        }
        else
        {
            throw new ArgumentException("Username was not registered");
        }
        

        // 3. Get credential counter from database
        var storedCounter = assertionVerification.Counter;

        // 4. Create callback to check if the user handle owns the credentialId
        Task<bool> Callback(IsUserHandleOwnerOfCredentialIdParams args, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
        {
            return Task.FromResult(assertionVerification.CredentialId.SequenceEqual(args.CredentialId));
        }

        // 5. Make the assertion
        var result = await _fido2.MakeAssertionAsync(assertionResponse, optionsWithName.Options, assertionVerification.PublicKey, storedCounter, Callback);

        if (result.Status != "ok")
        {
            throw new Exception($"Verification failed: {result.ErrorMessage}");
        }

        assertionVerification.Counter = result.Counter;
        await using var fileStream2 = File.OpenWrite($"./data/{optionsWithName.Name}.json");
        await JsonSerializer.SerializeAsync(fileStream2, assertionVerification, _jsonOptions);
        
        // we could also sign with a certificate from the Windows cert store
        //
        // var store = new X509Store(StoreName.My);
        // store.Open(OpenFlags.ReadOnly | OpenFlags.OpenExistingOnly);
        // var collection = store.Certificates.Find(X509FindType.FindByThumbprint, "CE63FA2B6BCD8460150E7FBF9B138E9ED9852E3A", false);
        // var certificate = collection[0];
    
        var token = JwtBuilder.Create()
            .WithAlgorithm(new RS256Algorithm(_rsa, _rsa))
            .Issuer("http://localhost:5172")
            .Audience("http://localhost:5172")
            .IssuedAt(DateTime.UtcNow)
            .ExpirationTime(DateTime.UtcNow.AddHours(1))
            .Subject(optionsWithName.Name)
            .AddClaim("permissions", new string[] { "MagicClaim", "Foo", "Test" })
            .AddClaim("roles", new string[] { "admin", "grunt" })
            .AddClaim("scope", "passkey")
            .Encode();

        // TODO: ???
        // if (result.DevicePublicKey is not null)
        //     creds.DevicePublicKeys.Add(result.DevicePublicKey);

        return token;
    }

    private RSA ToRsa(JsonWebKey key)
    {
        var rsaParameters = new RSAParameters
        {
            // PUBLIC KEY PARAMETERS
            // n parameter - public modulus
            Modulus = Base64UrlEncoder.DecodeBytes(key.N),
            // e parameter - public exponent
            Exponent = Base64UrlEncoder.DecodeBytes(key.E),
    
            // PRIVATE KEY PARAMETERS (optional)
            // d parameter - the private exponent value for the RSA key 
            D = Base64UrlEncoder.DecodeBytes(key.D),
            // dp parameter - CRT exponent of the first factor
            DP = Base64UrlEncoder.DecodeBytes(key.DP),
            // dq parameter - CRT exponent of the second factor
            DQ = Base64UrlEncoder.DecodeBytes(key.DQ),
            // p parameter - first prime factor
            P = Base64UrlEncoder.DecodeBytes(key.P),
            // q parameter - second prime factor
            Q = Base64UrlEncoder.DecodeBytes(key.Q),
            // qi parameter - CRT coefficient of the second factor
            InverseQ = Base64UrlEncoder.DecodeBytes(key.QI)
        };

        return RSA.Create(rsaParameters);
    }
}